What is a pump impeller and what is its use?

The pump impeller is one of the rotating parts in all types of pumps that transfers energy from the pump motor to the used fluid. The propeller consists of a series of vanes that go out from its open entrance in the central part of the propeller or the eye of the propeller, and when it rotates, a force is created and it directs the desired fluid from the chamber to the place of discharge. Water pump hubs are located in the middle part of the propellers and are mounted on the main axis. The design and use of each propeller plays an important role in the size of the .ball

In buildings with a large number of  floors, when the water pressure decreases, the need  for  a water becomes more.

Also, in  industry and  agriculture, the  water  pump has  high efficiency. The pump impeller  is  the most important part of the water pump, which is  located  in the  inner  part of the water  supply pump. The  impeller of   the  water  pump  increases  or decreases  the  pressure and  flow of liquids according  to  the  application of  water  supply  pumps.

What are the types of water pump?

There  are  different types of pump impellers, and each of them  has its own special  characteristics, and  for  this reason, each of  them has a specific application. Impellers play a very  important  role  in the perfor mance  of pumps, and for this  reason, the size and  type  of impeller has a direct impact on  determining the specifications and characteristics of   pumps.

Types of pump propellers in  terms of mechanical construction

The pump impeller has 4 different types in terms of mechanical structure,including open impeller,semi-open impeller, shear  impeller,and vortex pump impeller.

Open pump impeller

The open  propeller has blades, that are  free and uncovered  on both  sides, and this  makes  them work weaker.it  is  used in small  and cheap pumps that are supposed to withstand  low pressure. Unlike closed type impellers, these impellers can   also pump some solids. This type can be used in the sludge pump.

closed pump impeller

this type is closed on both sides and  has  the  most  strength among  all  types of pumps.

These types of  propellers have a more complex structure than other pumps, and  hence they have a higher price. These impellers are one of the most famous types  for use in large pumps that have the task of  transferring clean liquids.

Because  the  impellers of  this type are closed on both sides and  there is a  possibility of  blocking the impeller,

These cannot be  used  for  pumping fluids with solid materials.

Pump impeller half open

In  this  type of  propellers,one side of its blades has a protective plate  that  increases mechanical  strength ,and  the other side is open. In terms of function, this type of  propeller  can be considered  between  open and  closed . these types of  propellers are used  in medium- sized pumps with a small amount of soft solids. For efficiency and  better

Performance,the distance between  the  impellers and  the  pump  housing  should  be small.

To prevent  the  propellers from blocking, the  number  of  blades  is small and  their length  is considered  long.

Vortex pump impeller

Unlike the previous 3 models  mentioned, the impeller of  the vortex pump is not channeled.

The appearance of the impeller is similar to the semi-open types, but the  space between the blades is more, and they have different  functions. This type of  propeller is suitable for contaminated liquids or some suspended solids, because when it  draws in the liquid, it creates a vacuum-like vortex, and  the  solids move away from the blade and do not  damage the internal parts. This propeller model does not have a high efficiency, but  it has  advantages such as a very low probability of clogging and  transfer of solid materials in some cases  has  made them  popular and therefore they are used a lot.

Shear pump impeller

A shear  impeller like a vortex impeller  is designed for use or  contaminated  liquids with  solid  materials and they  differ in the blade. The  cutting impeller is very  sharp and  cuts  and destroys  the  solids before entering the pump. The  efficiency of this impeller is not as high as that of  a vortex, but  it is  a suitable option for sewage and substances  that  cause  pipe  blockage.

Types of pump impellers in terms of fluid flow

Radial flow

In general, the fluid  enters the  impeller in the  axial direction and  leaves the impeller in the radial direction.

In these types of  propellers, the fluid moves  along the length of the blade due to centrifugal force, and the kinetic energy of  the  fluid increases.This type is used in places where low flow rate and  high  head  are  required. Propellers used in  petrochemicals are often of this type.

Axial flow

Centrifugal force does not play a  role in producing  pressure for  this type of propeller . the flow enters in the direction of  the axis and  leaves  it in the same direction. When high flow rate  and  low head  are  needed , this type of propeller is used.

Radial, axial flow

The  flow enters in the direction of the axis and makes an angle with the axis and exits from it. In fact, these types of propellers have a state between  radial flow propeller  and  axial  flow propeller.

Types of propellers in terms of fluid entry status

Single suction

In this type of impeller, there  is an  opening on only one side of  the impeller and the fluid  enters the impeller from that part.

Double suction

In this type of impellers, there are  suction openings on both sides of the impeller, and the fluid enters the pump from each of the openings. The water capacity of this type of pump is 2  times the water capacity of a one-way suction pump.

The material of the pump impeller

Water pump impellers are  made of  different materials. Including different alloys such as  bronze, cast iron,steel, brass, fiberglass, etc.The important thing is that  the impeller is compatible with the pump itself.

?What are the advantages of bronze impeller pump

The advantages of the pump,s  bronze impeller include the following:

1. high performance capability.
2. it has a low wear rate.
3. its axis wears less.
4. it shows high resistance to pressure.
5. it can be analyzed with water or processed liquids such as oil or grease.

What are the symptoms of water pump propeller failure?

Jamming the water pump  means not moving the impeller of the pumps and  getting them  stuck. Also ,the jamming of the home water pump bearing can also cause it to jam.  If this problem is not solved quickly, the force that  enters  the coil and does not come out, causes a lot of pressure to be applied to the engine and may burn it. Water retention can happen for a  number of reasons, including:

• Wear parts: One of  the problems that exist  when using water is water solutes, which after some time causes them to precipitate. Deposits on the impeller limit its movements and disrupt its circulation, and if the deposits are not  removed,the pump may get stuck.
• Rusting of pump parts :

The parts of these water pumps are metal, although stainless metals are used to make them, but some times it has been observed that  these metals are  rusted. Rust fills the space  between the shell and the propeller and prevents it  from moving.

• Failure of  the  water pump bearing  of the  machine and  jamming it:

The failure of the bearing quickly affects the performance of the pump, and in case of failure, you must change it quickly .

The presence of sand particles  in the fluid can also disrupt  the rotation of the motor and the pump impeller.

Changing the impeller, venting the pump, changing the bearings, changing the felt bowl, etc. can prevent the pump from jamming. To prevent the water pump from jamming, it is better to service it periodically. You can contact abarvan company for  servicing and repairing industrial pumps.